e-Mail

E-mails appear to have a negligible effect on voter turnout.

• Personalized friend-to-friend e-mails can work on increasing turnout

Social connections, such as Facebook, may work as well

Limited tests have shown that text messaging has shown increased turnout by 2.6%

Nonpartisan e-mails designed to encourage voter participation has negligible effects on voter registration

70% of population used e-mail in 2006. Especially high among registered voters.

Many e-mails are unopened. Some studies indicated an opening rate of 10-20%

Benefits

• Reach large numbers at very low cost
• E-mails can be forwarded
• E-mail content is flexible
• Can direct recipients to web site with valuable content